2021年成考专升本英语备考行动练习及答案

    Space is a dangerous place ,not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through , and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space,but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation. But their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft ,if they are inside , do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

    Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged;the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well,but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged , and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed(畸形的) children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and , during the outward and return journeys , the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere , working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation,but no really effective ones have been found so far.

1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that          .

A. it protects him against the harmful rays from space

B. it provides sufficient light for plant growth

C. it supplies the heat necessary for human survival

D. it screens off the falling meteors

2. We know from the passage that            .

A. exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal

B. the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming

C. radiation is avoidable in space exploration

D. astronauts in spacesuits needn't worry about radiation damage

3. It can be inferred from the passage that          .

A. the Apollo mission was very successful

B. protection from space radiation is no easy job

C. astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren

D. radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers

4. The best title for this passage would be        

A. The Atmosphere and Our Environment

B. Research on Radiation

C. Effects of Space Radiation

D. Importance of Protection Against Radiation

    Mrs. Peters stopped playing the piano when she began to work. She had lived in a very small flat, and there had been no room for a piano. But when she married, she had a new flat which was big enough for one. So she decided to get one and her husband agreed and helped her. She saved some money, and her parents gave her a generous amount of money for her birthday. Then she went to a shop and said, "I'll choose whichever piano does not cost too much and fits into my living room.

    When she had paid for the piano, the shop assistant asked her if she would like him to get it tuned(调音) every few months. Mrs. Peters agreed.

    A few months later she heard from the shop that a man was coming to tune the piano at ten that morning. Now she had not cleaned the house yet, so it was dusty and untidy. Mrs. Peters hated having even the least amount of dirt, and felt ashamed whenever strange people saw her house like that. So she had to hurry to clean everything carefully. It meant a lot of effort, and it made her hot and tired, but anyhow, by the time the man arrived, everything was finished.

    She opened the door, and the man was standing there with a big dog. " Good morning, " the man said politely, " Will it disturb you if I bring my dog in, please? I'm blind , and he leads me wherever I go. "

5. Mrs. Peters was soon able to buy a piano because        .

A. her parents gave her all the money for it

B. she saved enough money for it

C. her husband gave her the money

D. she saved some money and her relatives gave her the rest

6. One morning ,      。

A. a man was coming to repair her piano

B. Mrs. Peters received a telephone call from the shop

C. the piano was sent to her house at 10 o' clock

D. Mrs. Peters was going to clean the house

7. "It meant a lot of effort, and it made her hot and tired". Here "it" refers to          .

A. hating dirt

B. cleaning everything

C. waiting for the man

D. feeling ashamed of the dirty and untidy house

8. Mrs. Peters had wasted her time getting everything clean as        .

A. the dog would dirty the house

B. the piano tuner could see nothing in the house

C. the dog disturbed Mrs. Peters

D. the piano tuner always took the dog

    It seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun!

Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, as early as the eleventh century B. C.

We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honour and authority. In the Far East in ancient times the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office.

    In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was m common use m ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.

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