2021年成人高考专升本英语每日一练练习试题（十）

    Public goods are those commodities from whose enjoyment nobody can be effectively excluded.Everybody is free to enjoy the benefits of these commodities, and one person's utilization does not reduce the possibilities of anybody else' s enjoying the same good.

    Examples of public goods are not as rare as one might expect. A flood control dam is a public goods. Once the dam is built, all persons living in the area will benefit-irrespective of their own contribution to the construction cost of the dam. The same holds true for highway signs or aids to navigation. Once a lighthouse is built , no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes. National defense is another example. Even a person who voted against military expenditures or did not pay any taxes will benefit from the protection afforded.

    It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with public goods.There is no practicable way of charging drivers for looking at highway signs, sailors for watching a lighthouse, and citizens for the security provided to them through national defense. Because the market does not provide the necessary signals , economic analysis has to be substituted for the impersonal judgement of the marketplace.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Mechanisms for safer navigation.

B. The economic structure of the marketplace.

C. A specific group of commodities.

D. The advantages of lowering taxes.

2. Which of the following would NOT be an example of public goods as described in the passage?

A. A taxi. 

B. A bridge. 

C. A fire truck. 

D. A stoplight.

3. According to the passage, finding out the social costs of a public good is a         .

A. difficult procedure 

B. daily administrative duty

C. matter of personal judgement 

D. citizen ' s responsibility

4. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first two paragraphs?

A. Suggestions for the application of an economic concept are offered.

B. Several generalizations are presented from which various conclusions are drawn.

C. Persuasive language is used to argue against a popular idea.

D. A general concept is defined and then examples are given. 

    We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" " When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it , as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

    Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen closely we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you ,"You're a lucky dog.',That 's being friendly. But "lucky dog" ? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the " dog" puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

    How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

5. According to the author,the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that      .

A. we :fail to listen carefully when they talk

B. people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say

C. people usually state one thing but mean another

D. we tend to doubt what our friends say

6. In the sentence " Maybe he doesn't see it himself" in paragraph 2, the pronoun “it" refers ' to        .

A. being friendly 

B. a bit of envy 

C. lucky clog 

D. your luck

7. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is to          .

A. notice the way the person is talking

B. take a good look at the person talking

C. mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes

D. examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture

8. The author most probably is a          .

A. teacher 

B. psychologist 

C. philosopher 

D. doctor

【参考答案】

1.【答案】C

【考情点拨】主旨大意题。

【应试指导】本文讲述的是公共商品，如水坝、公路标志、灯塔、国防等，它也可以说是一种特殊的商品，故选C。

2.【答案】A

【考情点拨】推理判断题。

【应试指导】从文章第一、二段可知，公共商品是每个人都可免费享用的商品，如水坝，公路标志等。由此推知，四个选项中，桥梁、消防车、交通灯都是公共商品，只有A项不是公共商品。

3.【答案】A

【考情点拨】事实细节题。

【应试指导】文章第三段第一句指出，确定使用公共商品的社会成本和社会效益不是一件容易的事。故选A。

4.【答案】D

【考情点拨】推理判断题。

【应试指导】文章第一段给出了公共商品的概念，接着第二段又列举了许多公共商品的实例。故选D。

5.【答案】C

【考情点拨】推理判断题。

【应试指导】由第二段第二句及第三段首句可知，有时人们所说的话掩饰了其真实含义，而且言不由衷。故选C。

6.【答案】B

【考情点拨】词语理解题。

【应试指导】本句中的it指的就是上句提到的a bit of envy。

7.【答案】D

【考情点拨】事实细节题。

【应试指导】文章最后一段告诉我们要想弄懂一个人说话的真实含义，就要注意他说话的方式，语调和姿态。D项概括全面，故选D。

8.【答案】B

【考情点拨】推理判断题。

【应试指导】通过了解文章的意思，我们可以看出作者分析了交际过程的心理因素，并从心理学角度提出建议，以使人们少犯错误。由此可知，作者可能是个心理学家。

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