2018年成考专升本英语考试真题:The destruction of habitats (栖息地) all over the world
题目:【Cloze】
The destruction of habitats (栖息地) all over the world is the primary reason species are becoming extinct (灭绝) or endangered. Houses, highways, dams, industrial buildings, and ever-spreading farms now dominate 21 formerly occupied by forests, deserts, and wetlands. 22 the beginning of European settlement in America, 23 , over 65, 000, 000 acres of wetlands have been drained. One million acres alone vanished 24 1985 and 1995.
Habitat destruction can be 25 or it can be subtle, occurring over a 26 period of time without being noticed. 27 such as sewage from cities and chemical runoff fromfarms, can change the 28 and quantity of water in streams and rivers. To 29 living in a delicately balanced habitat, this disturbance can be as 30 as the clear-cutting of a rainforest.
31 remaining habitats are carved into smaller and smaller pockets or islands, remaining species are forced to exist in these 32 areas, which causes further habitat 33 . These species become less adaptable to environmental 34 ; in fact, they become 35 endangered.
Scientists believe that when a habitat is cut by 90% , one-half of its plants, animals and insects will become extinct.
【答案选项】
21. A. landscapes B. cities C. maps D. pictures
22. A. At B. Before C. After D. Since
23. A. for example B. in addition C. at last D. after all
24. A. both B. in C. between D. before
25 .A.simple B. beneficial C . interesting D. obvious
26. A. long B. short C. happy D. sad
27. A. Construction B. Pollution C. Farming D. Living
28. A. amount B. purity C. nature D. quality
29. A. people B. species C. plants D. insects
30. A. effective B. small C. fatal D. surprising
31. A. How B. Whether C. Before D. As
32. A. crowded B. extensive C. large D. bare
33 .A.reform B . destruction C. support D. discovery
34. A. improvements B. changes C. protection D. development
【参考答案】
21.【答案】A
【考情点拨】词义辨析题。
【应试指导】空格后所说的森林、沙漠和湿地都是陆地上的风景、风貌,这里是说森林、沙漠和湿地都被房屋、公路、水坝、工业建筑、农场代替了。landscapes育“风景”的意思,符合题意。cities意为“城市”,maps意为“地图”,pictures意为“图画,照片”。
22.【答案】C
【考情点拨】介词辨析题。
【应试指导】本句句意为:欧洲人开始在美国定居后,超过6500多万英亩的湿地变干。表示“在之后”用after,故选C。
23.【答案】A
【考情点拨】短语辨析题。
【应试指导】前一句讲到湿地被房屋等替代,后一句讲到欧洲殖民对湿地的破坏,这是对前一句的举例说明。for example意为“例如”,符合题意。in addition意为“此外”,at last意为“结果,终于”,after all意为“毕竟”。
24.【答案】C
【考情点拨】固定搭配题。
【应试指导】空格之后的两个年份之间有and,所以前面要用between,between…and表示“在……之间”。
25.【答案】D
【考情点拨】理解判断题。
【应试指导】本句承上启下,or之前的半句指前文所说的短时间内的巨大变化,并且变化是明显的。obvious意为“明显的”,符合题意。simple意为“简单的”' beneficial意为“有益的”,interesting意为“有趣的”。
26.【答案】A
【考情点拔】理解判断题。
【应试指导】前文提到栖息地的破坏是明显的或者是微妙的,即可能很长时间其变化都没有被注意到。a long period表示“很长一段时间”,故选A。
27.【答案】B
【考情点拨】词义辨析题。
【应试指导】城市污水和从田地流出来的化学药物都属于污染,pollution意为“污染”,符合题意,故选B。construction意为“建造”,farming意为“耕作”,living意为“生活”。
28.【答案】D
【考情点拨】词义辨析题。
【应试指导】此处意为:从城市和田地流出的污染物改变了河水的质量和流量。quality and quantity意为“质量和数量”,故选D。
29.【答案】B
【考情点拨】理解判断题。
【应试指导】此处意为:对生存在这样处于微妙平衡的环境中的物种来说,这样的干扰就像砍光雨林一样致命。本句强调的是环境的改变对物种的影响,前后文中也多次出现species,故选B。
30.【答案】C
【考情点拨】词义辨析题。
【应试指导】effective意为“有效的”,small意为“小的”,fatal意为“致命的”,surprising意为“令人吃惊的”。根据句意,故选C。
31.【答案】D
【考情点拨】理解判断题。
【应试指导】剩余的栖息地被分割成越来越小的区域或岛屿,与后文中物种生存在拥挤的地方是因果关系,所以要用引导原因状语的连词,as有“由于,因为”的意思,故选D。
32.【答案】A
【考情点拨】理解判断题。
【应试指导】栖息地越来越小,生存的空间也会变得越来越拥挤,crowed意为“拥挤的”,符合题意。extensive意为“广泛的”,large意为“大的”,bare意为“荒芜的”,
33.【答案】B
【考情点拨】词义辨析题。
【应试指导】此处意为:物种被迫生活在拥挤的地方,这会进一步导致栖息地的破坏。destruction意为“破坏”,符合句意。reform意为“改革”,support意为“支持”,discovery意为“发现”。
34.【答案】B
【考情点拨】词义辨析题。
【应试指导】此处意为:这些物种越来越不适应环境的变化,这里是指栖息地被破坏后的变化。change意为“变化”,符合语境。improvements意为“改善”,protection意为“保护”,development意为“发展”,都是指好的方向,不符合语境。
35.【答案】C
【考情点拨】词义辨析题。
【应试指导】环境越来越糟,使这些物种的处境更加危险。more放在形容词前表示“更……”,故选C。
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